Nitromethane explosives pdf merge

The detailed structure of lvd in liquid explosives has not yet been clarified. Density is an important consideration when choosing an explosive. The development of liquid explosives and their use nitroglycerin the first liquid explosive, nitroglycerin, was invented in 1846 by an italian chemist named ascanio sobrero, who nitrated glycerin with a solution containing nitric acid and sulfuric acid. It is more potent than acetone on super glue and much much less volatile, so it would stay where i put it. Recommended methods for the purification of solvents and tests for impurities. Gasoline is a hydrocarbon, and the common chemical formula for gasoline is c 8 h 18. Fortunately for hot rodding, nitromethane also has industrialworld usesprimarily as a dry cleaning solvent, which makes it readily available. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

Nitromethane may also be released into air and wastewater during manufacture of royal demolition explosive rdx and high melting explosive hmx, which are widely used in the military. Nitromethane may explode if heated or strongly shocked, especially if mixed with acids, bases handling chemicals safely 1980. If you want to make a highpower 4stroke engine, there are a couple of different ways to accomplish your goal. Noclo4 mixed with nitromethane detonating against witness plate. In 1857 it was first synthesised by the reaction of sodium cyanoacetamide with nitric acid. It is an explosive ingredient in dynamite 2040% with ethylene glycol dinitrate 8060%.

Ignites on contact with alkyl aluminum or alkyl zinc halides. Pdf the shock sensitivities of nitromethanemethanol. Nitromethane is known as a monopropellant fuel, which means it has the potential to combust without any air at all. N204 and combustible liquids cs2, nitrobenzene, nitrotoluene, gasoline, halogenated hydrocarbons were considered in the 1880s. Hobbyists use the nitromethanebased fuel primarily for radiocontrolled aircraft. Detonation parameters of nitromethanemethanol mixtures. What is top fuel and how is it different from gasoline. Were going over what you need to know about nitromethane, the biggest poweradder for racing, this month. Mixtures of n204 with 64% nitromethane have a detonation velocity of 6900 mls n204 explodes on contact with a number of fuels. Values of u cj as the average of 46 measurement, are introduced in the table, their maximum deviations from experimental velocities didnt exceed 1. The following is the third in a series of articles exploring all facets of model. View detailed import data, price, monthly trends, major importing countries, major ports of nitromethane.

August 25, 2014 the dow chemical company page 1 of 6 product safety assessment nitromethane names cas no. Nitromethane is a strongly polar, oily liquid that is used as a solvent or reactant in organic chemical synthesis and as a fuel in motor sports, rockets, hobby airplanes, and the like. The type of sensitivity being tested was difficult to finalize. Nitromethane is added to a quarter kilo of bullseye until it is the consistency of thick gel. Nitromethane alone, and in mixtures with methanol and other nitroparaffins, is used as a fuel by professional drag racers and hobbyists. Particularly near the dlc the difference in the velocities amounts to 0. For free running explosives, the density is often specified as the pounds of explosives per foot of charge length in a given size borehole. The general population may be exposed by inhalation of nitromethane in motor vehicle exhaust and cigarette smoke. Some liquid explosives have two different detonation behaviors. This liquid explosive is 22 to 24 percent more powerful than military t n. Nitromethane nm is widely applied in chemical technology as a solvent for extraction, cleaning and chemical synthesis. In addition, liquid explosives such as nitromethane are also believed to have an unstable structure inherent to the detonation front, reminiscent of the cellular structure in gaseous detonations, which exists even near the center of largediameter charges, far above the critical diameter.

Nitromethane is a little like gasoline that has been premixed with nitrous oxide. Pdf the shock sensitivities of nitromethanemethanol mixtures. It is a slightly viscous, highly polar liquid commonly used as a solvent in a. Additionally, although nitromethane has the potential to remain in the environment for a long time, it is not expected to accumulate in organisms. Experimental setup the liquid explosive is nitromethane poured in a cylindrical vessel of 50 mm in diameter fig. The oxygen carriers assist in preventing a lowering of the exploding temperature. The oxygen in nitromethanes molecular structure means that nitromethane does not need as much atmospheric oxygen to burn, part of the oxygen needed to burn nitromethane is carried in the fuel itself. A physical model was proposed that lvd is not a selfreactive detonation, but rather a supportedreactive. Explosive characteristics and shaped charge applications of nitromethane nm.

Liquid explosives can be initiated through mechanical shock, friction or heat. Ignition experiments with mixtures in steel tubes of various diameters provided information on the effect of the degree of dilution on detonability. Nitromethaneeverybody knows its there, but few, it seems. Even the use of nitromethane in conventional industry is now controlled. It was stated that multiple mechanisms for initiation of liquid explosives act simultaneously at small scales, but these disappears at large scales 100 mm. Whether or not it propagates depends upon the initial strength of the shock wave and how well it is supported from the rear. In a simulated city driving study, estimated concentrations of nitromethane in motor vehicle exhaust ranged from. Interesting explosive from nitromethane and ammonia i was doing a bit of offhand research into nitromethanenitric acid explosives and stumbled onto this little gem.

Another is to stuff more air into the engine with a turbocharger or a supercharger. Thats why nitromethane was once used as a rocket fuel. Mass velocity profiles with a chemical spike characteristic of detonation waves were recorded at the unsteady detonation front in all mixtures. Plx, or picatinny liquid explosive, is a liquid binary explosive, a mixture of 95% nitromethane nm along with 5% ethylene diamine eda as a sensitizer. Now that we are considering the use of nitromethane it may be as well to get one well held idea out of the way before we go any further. Interest in the chlorates and perchlorates salts of chloric or perchloric acid as a base for explosives dates back to 1788.

A lower heat of explosion means a lower energy output and thereby less efficient blasting. Its chemical structure consists of four nitro groups attached to one carbon atom. Nitromethane nm or ch3no2 has a wide range of applications as a detonating homogeneous liquid explosive. Other high explosives a high explosive can be composed out of bullseye gunpowder. Nitromethaneeverybody knows its there, but few, it. Nitromethane, reagent grade, 96% ch3no2 sigmaaldrich. The fuel is usually composed of 20% nitromethane and the remaining is methanol. Detonation characteristics of diluted liquid explosives. Hobbyists use the nitromethane based fuel primarily for radiocontrolled aircraft.

Nm was considered safe for a long time, until a railroad tanker car. Nitromethane is used in a number of products, including fuels, explosives, solvents, preservatives, and pharmaceuticals. The shock sensitivities of nitromethanemethanol mixtures. Nitromethane definition is a liquid nitroparaffin ch3no2 that is used as an industrial solvent, in chemical synthesis, and as a fuel for rockets and highperformance engines. Dilution of liquid explosives with inert solvents have been shown previously to. Tetranitromethane or tnm is an organic oxidizer with chemical formula cno 2 4. Annm, or ammonium nitrate and nitromethane, is one of the most powerful improvised types of anbased explosives. Explosive composition on the basis of potassium perchlorate. Sciencemadness discussion board plx type explosives. All the liquid explosives tested were aminesensitized nitromethane mixtures. Exploding nitromethane in silico, in real time request pdf. Liquid explosives nitroglycerine is a colorless to paleyellow, viscous liquid or solid below 56f. Detonation behaviors of nitromethane with various initiating. Nitromethane nm, ch3no2 is a wellcharacterized liquid explosive.

The only place it can be found in any reasonable concentration is in model racing fuels. Detonation parameters of nitromethanemethanol mixtures over experimental one. Anguss nitromethane production process results in the joint production of four nitroalkanes, of which nitromethane has the highest value. Explosive characteristics and shaped charge applications. Nitric acid has proved useful here a 70%nm 30%hno3 mix is good, giving a mixture about as sensitive as ng. These formerly cheap twocomponent explosives are now prohibitively expensive, except as manufactured items e. For official use only all dynamite is considered a secondary high explosive and can be initiated with a blasting cap all are suitable as main charges in an ied terrorists operating domestically will likely try to steal dynamite or improvise its manufacture mining sites and quarries may be targeted for theft. Six grams of explosive will reliably initiate 5% mixtures and detonation will propagate through at least a 16mm passage. Nitromethane was discovered as a racing fuel way back in.

Explosive characteristics and shaped charge applications of. Nitromethane has been detected in air, surface water, and drinking water ntp 1997, iarc 2000. Nitromethaneeverybody knows its there, but few, it seems, really know much about it. Other amine compounds can be used instead of ethylene diamine, such as triethylene tetramine or ethanolamine, but eda has been found to be most effective. Mar 11, 2010 detonation in mixtures of nitromethane with methanol as an inert nonexplosive diluent is studied. Shock sensitivity of nitromethane with well defined hot. Where can i get a small amount of pure nitromethane. Explosive composition on the basis of potassium perchlorate and nitromethane udc 662. Plx is a fairly powerful high explosive, marginally exceeding the destructive yield of tnt.

The relative effectiveness factor of annm varies depending on the mix but does not exceed 1 annmal re 11. Photo diagnostics of the detonations were enhanced by double exposure of the film. Nitromethane is a fuel that is used mostly in specialized drag racing classes such as top fuel funny cars. Nitromethane is used as a fuel in motor racing, particularly drag racing, as well as for radiocontrolled models such as cars, planes and helicopters. The detonation behavior depends on the level of the initiating shock pressure. The explosives industry utilizes nitromethane in a binary explosive formulation. Many plants were built in europe and the united states for the manufacture of this type of explosive, mostly using potassium chlorate, but so far as can be determined, all of. If the hot spot explodes, it sends a shock wave into the undetonated explosive, which heats the explosive. Please note that while nitromethane is an ingredient in making some.

Aug 19, 2010 noclo4 mixed with nitromethane detonating against witness plate. With few exceptions, denser explosives give higher detonation velocities and pressures. Liquid explosive in pipes defense technical information. The oxygen in nitromethanes molecular structure means that nitromethane does not need as much atmospheric oxygen to burn, part of the oxygen needed to burn nitromethane is carried in. Received october 1962 data thought to support shchelkins suggestion that detonation of condensed explosives may be of similar nature to that of gaseous detonation are discussed, with particular reference to nitromethane either alone or in admixture with acetone. If you want to go to extremes, you would replace gasoline altogether and use a more energetic fuel. Detonation in mixtures of nitromethane with methanol as an inert nonexplosive diluent is studied. Nitromethane is one of a group of chemicals known as nitroalkanes, which consist of an alkane molecule, such as methane, ethane, or propane, in which one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a nitro group no2.